On hydrophobic surfaces, surface textures are generated, which typically look like this:
Cross section of textures at the surface of superhydrophobic surfaces.
Water is sitting at the top of the posts, so the contact area between the drop and the surface is effectively reduced by a factor Φ called the surface fraction.
The real wetted area is s. The apparent wetted area is S. The surface fraction is Φ=s/S.
where, setting out to provide a rationale for the Cassie relation, we had to conclude that it does not hold... Previously, we have shown that (...)
Left: normal glass; right: with alternating rain and sunshine, self cleaning glass stays cleaner (and hydrophilic) (Saint-Gobain).TiO2 is known (...)
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